I. What is a Tar?
The tar is a long-necked, waisted string instrument that is commonly found in traditional Persian music. It belongs to the lute family and is similar in appearance to the sitar and the oud. The tar typically has six strings that are played with a small brass plectrum, known as a mezrab. It is known for its rich, resonant sound and is often used to accompany vocalists or other instrumentalists in Persian classical music.
II. History of the Tar
The tar has a long history that dates back to ancient Persia. It is believed to have originated in the 18th century and has since become one of the most popular instruments in Persian classical music. The tar has undergone various changes and modifications over the years, but its basic design and playing techniques have remained relatively unchanged.
III. Construction and Design of the Tar
The tar is typically made from a combination of wood, metal, and animal skin. The body of the instrument is usually made from a single piece of wood, such as walnut, mulberry, or rosewood. The neck of the tar is long and slender, with a small, circular sound hole located near the top. The strings are made from nylon or silk and are stretched across the body of the instrument and secured at the bottom with tuning pegs.
IV. Playing Techniques for the Tar
Playing the tar requires a high level of skill and dexterity. The player holds the instrument upright and plucks the strings with the mezrab, using a combination of fingerpicking and strumming techniques. The tar is capable of producing a wide range of tones and dynamics, from soft and delicate to loud and powerful. The player can also use techniques such as bending, sliding, and vibrato to add expression and emotion to their playing.
V. Notable Tar Players
There have been many talented tar players throughout history who have helped to popularize the instrument and elevate its status in Persian classical music. Some notable tar players include Hossein Alizadeh, Dariush Talai, and Majid Derakhshani. These musicians have mastered the intricacies of the tar and have contributed to the development of the instrument through their innovative playing styles and compositions.
VI. Variations of the Tar
Over the years, several variations of the tar have emerged, each with its own unique design and playing techniques. One popular variation is the setar, which is a smaller, four-stringed version of the tar that is often used in folk music. Another variation is the shahrud tar, which has a larger body and a deeper, more resonant sound. Despite these variations, the basic principles of playing the tar remain the same, making it a versatile and adaptable instrument in the world of Persian classical music.